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There are great benefits to connectedness, but we haven't wrapped our minds around the costs.

Biomedia
Topic: Science 11:19 am EDT, Jun 11, 2004

As biotechnology defines the new millennium, genetic codes and computer codes increasingly merge -- life understood as data, flesh rendered programmable. Where this trend will take us, and what it might mean, is what concerns Eugene Thacker in this timely book, a penetrating look into the intersection of molecular biology and computer science in our day and its likely ramifications for the future.

Integrating approaches from science and media studies, Biomedia is a critical analysis of research fields that explore relationships between biologies and technologies, between genetic and computer "codes."

Biomedia


Twentieth-Century Sprawl
Topic: History 11:15 am EDT, Jun 11, 2004

"Twentieth-Century Sprawl" explains important -- and largely unexamined -- changes in the American landscape.

An illuminating look at how highways have dramatically transformed American communities, aiding growth and development in unsettled areas and undermining existing urban centers.

The book takes a "follow the money" approach to show how government policies -- from as early as the 1890s -- subsidized the spread of cities and fueled a chronic nationwide dependence on cars and roadbuilding, with little regard for expense, efficiency, ecological damage, or social equity. As federal, state, and local governments invested in toll-free highways, Americans moved in unprecedented numbers to newly accessible open land on the urban periphery. The consequence was the collapse of center cities, ballooning municipal debt, and rapidly increasing air pollution, not to mention profound changes in American society and culture.

Twentieth-Century Sprawl


One With Nineveh: Politics, Consumption, and the Human Future
Topic: Society 11:12 am EDT, Jun 11, 2004

A provocative and eminently readable look at the global problems of overpopulation, overconsumption, and political and economic inequity that threaten the world.

The current Bush administration is the target of cogent criticism about how it has aided a culture "dominated by short-term greed," but Europe and various Third World countries receive their share of criticism as well.

Although wide-reaching in range, this is a direct and levelheaded presentation that should get, and deserves, wide readership.

One With Nineveh: Politics, Consumption, and the Human Future


Media and Sovereignty
Topic: Media 11:09 am EDT, Jun 11, 2004

Media have been central to government efforts to reinforce sovereignty and define national identity, but globalization is fundamentally altering media practices, institutions, and content.

More than the activities of large conglomerates, globalization entails competition among states as well as private entities to dominate the world's consciousness. Changes in formal and informal rules, in addition to technological innovation, affect the growth and survival or decline of governments.

In Media and Sovereignty, Monroe Price focuses on emerging foreign policies that govern media in a world where war has information as well as military fronts. Price asks how the state, in the face of institutional and technological change, controls the forms of information reaching its citizens. He also provides a framework for analyzing the techniques used by states to influence populations in other states. Price draws on an international array of examples of regulation of media for political ends, including "self-regulation," media regulation in conflict zones, the control of harmful and illegal content, and the use of foreign aid to alter media in target societies.

Media and Sovereignty


Capturing Sound: How Technology Has Changed Music
Topic: Music 11:07 am EDT, Jun 11, 2004

There is more to sound recording than just recording sound.

Far from being simply a tool for the preservation of music, the technology is a catalyst.

This is the clear message of Capturing Sound, a wide-ranging, deeply informative, consistently entertaining history of recording's profound impact on the musical life of the past century, from Edison to the Internet.

In a series of case studies, Mark Katz explores how recording technology has encouraged new ways of listening to music, led performers to change their practices, and allowed entirely new musical genres to come into existence. An accompanying CD, featuring thirteen tracks from Chopin to Public Enemy, allows readers to hear what Katz means.

Fatboy Slim: "I only wish I had put as much thought into making records as Mark Katz does in appreciating and analyzing them."

Capturing Sound: How Technology Has Changed Music


Critical Mass: How One Thing Leads to Another
Topic: Society 11:03 am EDT, Jun 11, 2004

Are there any "laws of nature" that influence the ways in which humans behave and organize themselves?

Author Philip Ball shows how much we can understand of human behavior when we cease to try to predict and analyze the behavior of individuals and instead look to the impact of individual decisions -- whether in circumstances of cooperation or conflict -- can have on our laws, institutions and customs.

Lively and compelling, Critical Mass is the first book to bring these new ideas together and to show how they fit within the broader historical context of a rational search for better ways to live.

Critical Mass: How One Thing Leads to Another


Building High-Tech Clusters: Silicon Valley and Beyond
Topic: Technology 11:00 am EDT, Jun 11, 2004

The contributions to this study of the origins of centers of industrial and technological innovation (such as Silicon Valley) reveal that these concentrated "clusters" of entrepreneurial high tech firms are characterized by rapid economic growth. No other analysts have examined how such clusters start, although many earlier works have studied Silicon Valley. The study's contributors conclude that the key public and business policy elements of starting a cluster are common to many regions, countries, and time periods.

Contributors include Gordon Moore and AnnaLee Saxenian. A sample chapter is available for download.

Building High-Tech Clusters: Silicon Valley and Beyond


Against the Spirit of System
Topic: Science 10:56 am EDT, Jun 11, 2004

In this wide-ranging exploration of American medical culture, John Harley Warner offers the first in-depth study of a powerful intellectual and social influence: the radical empiricism of the Paris Clinical School.

After the French Revolution, Paris emerged as the most vibrant center of Western medicine, bringing fundamental changes in understanding disease and attitudes toward the human body as an object of scientific knowledge. Between the 1810s and the 1860s, hundreds of Americans studied in Parisian hospitals and dissection rooms, and then applied their new knowledge to advance their careers at home and reform American medicine.

By reconstructing their experiences and interpretations, by comparing American with English depictions of French medicine, and by showing how American memories of Paris shaped the later reception of German ideals of scientific medicine, Warner reveals that the French impulse was a key ingredient in creating the modern medicine American doctors and patients live with today.

"Warner writes well, and the book is full of fascinating details and long quotes from actual letters and diaries written by Americans who made the trip to Paris. Like all good history, it says as much about the present as about the past."

Against the Spirit of System


Conserving the Enlightenment
Topic: Technology 10:52 am EDT, Jun 11, 2004

The origins of the modern science of engineering can be traced to France's Royal Corps of Engineering in the eighteenth century. In Conserving the Enlightenment, Janis Langins gives us a history of this prototypical technical bureaucracy, using as his point of entry a pivotal dispute on the respective merits of two methods of engineering military fortifications. The story he tells of the tribulations of military engineers at the end of the Old Regime sheds light not only on the evolution of modern engineering but also on the difficulty of innovation in a technical bureaucracy.

From the days of Louis XIV and his great military engineer Vauban, engineers in France had a reputation for competence and intellectual superiority. Langins argues that French engineers saw themselves as men of the Enlightenment, with a steadfast faith in science and its positive effects on society; they believed that their profession could improve and civilize even warfare. When Marc-Rene, marquis de Montalembert, a cavalry officer and an amateur engineer, challenged the prevailing wisdom with a new method of fortification, the subsequent factional struggle became a crucible of self-definition for the profession. In the end, Langins shows, Vauban's science won out over Montalembert's inspiration, reinforcing and predicting the essentially conservative nature of French engineering.

"With great skill and imagination, Langins exploits an eighteenth-century controversy over fortification design to illuminate the nature of engineering, the tension between theory and practice, the contrast between the lone genius and institutionalized professionalism, and the relationship between engineering and revolution."

Conserving the Enlightenment


Trust: Human Nature and the Reconstitution of Social Order
Topic: Society 11:53 am EDT, Jun  4, 2004

Fukuyama examines the impact of culture on economic life, society, and success in the new global economy. He argues that the most pervasive cultural characteristic influencing a nation's prosperity and ability to compete is the level of trust or cooperative behavior based upon shared norms.

In comparison with low-trust societies (China, France, Italy, Korea), which need to negotiate and often litigate rules and regulations, high-trust societies like those in Germany and Japan are able to develop innovative organizations and hold down the cost of doing business.

Fukuyama argues that the United States, like Japan and Germany, has been a high-trust society historically but that this status has eroded in recent years. This well-researched book provides a fresh, new perspective on how economic prosperity is grounded in social life.

Rebuild it and they will come.

Trust: Human Nature and the Reconstitution of Social Order


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