] The consumer-marketer dynamic spawns a spectrum of ] antispam proposals. One general approach centers on the ] collective consumer desire to protect in-boxes by ] requiring prior consent, creating do-not-spam databases ] and allowing individuals to take spammers to court. ] ] Another approach emphasizes how marketing e-mail can be ] legitimate if it has options called opt-outs for ] consumers to remove themselves from mailing lists; postal ] or street addresses; and clear labeling. This approach ] also outlaws spamming techniques like using automated ] programs to harvest or generate e-mail addresses. The ] intent is to eliminate the bottom feeders (the generic ] Viagra and buy-a-diploma ads), while preserving the right ] for mainstream companies to market to consumers. The first option is the Wrong Answer; abusive spam should be handled like any other kind of fraud. Congress Finds Rare Unity in Spam, to a Point |